Introduction to the kings of Marwar Chunda spread his kingdom. Apart from Mandore, Khatu, Didwana, Sambhar, Nadaul were also under his control. Chunda had to fight with the Bhatis of Jaisalmer and the Muslim ruler of Nagaur. In 1424, Chunda was killed while fighting with the joint army of Bhatis and Sankhals, which was being assisted by Subedar Salim of Multan.
Chunda achieved great success in establishing Rathor rule in Marwar during his lifetime. He was the first powerful ruler of the Rathores. According to Chundaji’s wish, his sixth son Kanha sat on the throne. He killed the rebellious Sardar Punpal Sankhla and annexed Janglu region to his kingdom but Nagaur region went out of his control.
Read the previous part of this article Marwar Establishment of Rathore dynasty in
Shamsakh’s son Firoz captured Nagaur. Kanha ruled for about eleven months. After that his elder brother sat on the throne but soon in 1427 his elder brother Ranmal deposed him.
Ranmal was the eldest son of Chunda but he left the kingdom on the orders of his father and settled in Jojawar in 1407 and later went to Mewar. Maharana of Mewar gave him some villages including Dhanla village in jagir. While living in Mewar, his sister Hansa Bai got married to Maharana Lakha, from whom later son Mokal was born.
Ranmal had pleased the Maharana, so after his death he became the guardian of his nephew. Ranmal appointed his trusted persons to the important posts of the state. He became the de facto ruler of Mewar. The chieftains of Mewar did not like this. While living in Mewar, he also started interfering in the administration of Marwar.
He increased his power and attacked Mandore. At this time Rao Satta was the ruler of Mandore. Ranmal is confronted by Rao Satta’s son Narvad but is defeated. Ranmal captured Mandore in 1428. Even after becoming the ruler of Mandore, Ranmal continued to interfere in the rule of Mewar.
Introduction to the kings of Marwar
Due to this, the chieftains of Mewar got very upset, only then Maharana Mokal’s maid sons killed Chacha and Mera. At that time Ranmal was in Mandore only. He immediately reached Mewar and killed the killers of the Maharana and resided in Mewar as the guardian of the new Maharana Kumbha. Helped Maharana Kumbha in many victories.
But the chieftains of Mewar remained against Ranmal. He seduced Kumbha and turned him against Ranmal, then Ranmal lived in Chittor fort and his son Jodha lived in the palaces of the foothills. One day when Ranmal was drunk, he was killed by tying him to the cot. When Jodha came to know about this, he ran to Mandore. This incident is of the year 1438.
Ranmal was a brave and efficient administrator. He had run the rule of Mewar with great skill and honesty. But Maharana Kumbha got him killed by the seduction of his feudatories. Ranmal had 26 princes, out of which the eldest son was Akhairaj, who was given the jagir of Bagdi.
Because of his relinquishment of the Jodhpur state, his family was given the right to apply Tilak on the coronation of the Jodhpur ruler, which continues to this day. The second son was Jodha who later became his successor.
From Chittor, Jodha left for Marwar with his 700 soldiers. The army of Mewar chased the Rathores. There was a fight between the two parties near Kapasan, but the Rathores fled from there due to not being able to face them. Jodha somehow reached Mandore. There he gathered troops and went towards Bikaner and made Kahuni village his base camp.
Mewar’s army captured Mandore. Maharana Kumbha established security posts at Kosana and Chokdi. He gave the jagir of several villages including Sojat to Raghav Rathore, grandson of Chunda and son of Sahasmal, and Kaylana to Narvad Satavat. Mewari army also attacked Kahuni so that Jodha could not sit peacefully.
Jodha kept patience and he went to Bangti of Hadbu Sankhla and got blessings and captured Mandore by gathering some army. Jodha also attacked Chokdi, Kosana, Merta, Sojat, Ajmer, Nadaul etc. In 1453, he made a treaty with Maharana Kumbha. According to the treaty, the land of Bawal was considered in the possession of Jodhpur and the land of Aanwal was in the right of Maharana.
In 1453, Jodha did his coronation in Mandore fort. Not considering Mandore as suitable for the security of the state, Rao Jodha laid the foundation of a new fort on May 12, 1459, at Chidiya Tonk of Pachetia mountain, 9 kilometers south of Mandore, and built a fort there and built a city named Jodhpur at its foothills.
In 1461, he sent his sons-Barsingh and Duda to take over Merta. Then the Subedar of Ajmer had the authority over Merta. He captured Merta and 360 villages around it. In 1465, Jodha’s son Bika went north towards Janglu and established a new state called Bikaner state.
In 1467, Rao Jodha won Nagaur from Fatekhan. Fatekhan went towards Jhunjhunu. In 1474, Rao Jodha’s son Bida captured Chhapar Draunpur. Apart from Mandore, Jodhpur, there was considerable area of Phalodi, Pokaran, Mahewa, Bhadrajun, Sambhar, Ajmer and Nagaur under the jurisdiction of Jodha.
His sons had the authority over Bikaner and Chhapar Draunpur. The boundary of his kingdom was Jaisalmer in the west, Aravalli in the south and Hissar in the north. Ranisar pond and four stepwells were built in Jodhpur city by Rao Jodha. Chamunda temple was built in Jodhpur fort in 1460.
After the death of Rao Jodha, his son Satal sat on the throne. His father-in-law gave him the area of Kundal near Phalodi. He went to heaven in 1491 after getting injured in the battle of Kosana while fighting with the army of Subedar Mallu Khan of Ajmer.
Rao Satal wanted to adopt Nara, the third son of his younger brother Suja, but Suja gave Nara the jagir of Phalodi and himself sat on the throne. On the other hand, the Rathores of Pokaran got Nara killed with the help of Rathores of Barmer. For this reason Souza looted Barmer, Kotra etc. to avenge the murder of his son.
Meanwhile, Rao Bika of Bikaner, to whom Rao Jodha had promised to give royal insignia etc. to him as an independent king, marched on Marwar to take them. Then the Sardars made an agreement between the two brothers and without any bloodshed Bika returned with the royal insignia. Rao Souza died in 1515.
Rao Souza had promised his eldest son Yuvraj Bagha at the time of his death that after his death his eldest son Veeram would be placed on the throne but after Souza’s death when Veeram was to be enthroned, the Sardars did something to Veeram. Angered by the reasons, Bagha’s younger son Ganga was made to sit on the throne. Since then this proverb became popular in Marwar-
‘Ridmal Thapiya Tike Raja’ means the one who was put on the throne by the descendants of Ridmal became the king.
Rao Ganga had helped Maharana Sanga of Mewar against the Sultan of Gujarat before sitting on the throne. Even after sitting on the throne, in 1517, he helped against Muzaffar Shah of Gujarat. Even in 1520, he had sent 700 horsemen against Nizamulmulk to help Maharana Sanga.
Due to this help Rao Raimal could get the throne of Idar. In 1527, he sent 4000 horsemen to help Maharana Sanga to fight against Babur. When his elder brother Veeram started creating nuisance in Sojat, Ganga suppressed him and seized Sojat. Ganga died in 1531 after falling down from the palace under the influence of opium.
Ganga had made Gangelao pond and Ganga’s step well. His queen Padmavati had brought the idol of Gangshyam from her Pihar Sirohi and got the temple built for Gangshyamji.
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